![]() ![]() Hodges was not able to convince them that their equipment was inefficient and produced suboptimal images, so he proceeded to manufacture his own at the University of Chicago. They produced simple equipment for radiologists working in limited space - often in downtown office buildings - and needing a single machine capable of every type of examination. The concept of an X-ray department with special machines for examining specific regions of the body did not appeal to manufacturers of the day. Exposure time switches were of poor quality, and means for determining X-ray tube voltage and current were far from satisfactory. The only high-voltage rectifiers were rotary switches driven by synchronous motors neither the hot cathode nor the solid-state high-voltage rectifier had been invented. Although hot-cathode X-ray tubes had completely replaced the gas variety by 1927, they were not shock proof, had no inherent X-ray shielding, were not line-focused, and of course did not have rotating anodes. Hodges established a machine shop, unique in its time, that was devoted exclusively to radiology and employed a full-time staff that eventually grew to five machinists. Hodges created a research-oriented department at the University of Chicago that focused on three main areas: improved X-ray systems for subspecialty applications, improved film development facilities, and novel ancillary hardware, such as a photo-timing exposure control. This appointment, which began as a 1 year sabbatical leave became a 31-year career.ĭr. ![]() Hodges' remarkable education and experience prepared him well for the leadership role in radiology that he was destined to play. Hodges was recruited in 1919 as a roentgenologist and remained there until 1927 when he became professor and chairman at the University of Chicago. The Rockefeller Foundation through its China Medical Board had made a major commitment to build and operate the Peking Union Medical College. Hodges began practicing radiology in China. After the war, the University of Wisconsin granted Dr. Hodges became a commissioned officer in the army and was stationed at the X-ray School in Camp Greenleaf, GA. Hodges also served as a laboratory assistant to Erlanger and Gasser in their animal experiments aimed at the treatment of surgical shock by the IV injection of sodium arabate to replace lost blood. That work had defied their efforts as long as the only available recording device was the quartz fiber galvanometer, but yielded when they used instead, the electron stream of a Brown tube. He also worked with his medical school roommate, Herbert Gasser, who in 1944 received the Nobel Prize with Joseph Erlanger for measuring and classifying nerve-fiber conduction. degree in 1918 at Washington University in St. Hodges studied physiology at the University of Wisconsin before completing his M.D. There he learned how to prepare the chemical solutions used in "X-ray photography." At age fourteen, Paul became an apprentice in the hospital, which by that time had been equipped with more powerful X-ray equipment. This device sputtered away in the front office during Paul Hodges' early childhood. ![]() Their first X-ray machine used a German induction coil with mechanical interrupter and a small X-ray tube similar to that used by Röntgen. Radiology began to be practiced at Rinehart Hospital in 1897. Paul's father died in 1901 at the early age of 36, due to septicemia from a finger infection acquired while performing an autopsy, and Uncle Will gradually became Paul's surrogate father. William Rinehart, at the Rinehart Hospital in Ashland, WI. He was born, before Röntgen's discovery, on January 6, 1893, the son of a physician who worked in partnership with Paul's uncle, Dr. Paul Hodges is an extraordinary individual. ![]()
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